Major types of chemical concrete degradation such as carbonation. leaching and acid attacks are strongly associated with decreasing internal or external pH. Thus a precise determination of the latter is crucial for the assessment regarding the degree of corrosion and corresponding development of prevention strategies. Conventional pH measure methods for concrete. https://echobookmarks.com/story19493413/sovereign-cds-premiums-reaction-to-macroeconomic-news-an-empirical-investigation