Phosphate glass combines a protracted life time of Er3+ upper laser stage with successful Electrical power transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions and decreased upconversion losses, Hence offering productive operation in passively Q-switched diode-pumped and flash-lump pumped lasers Utilized in selection-finders. Programs on standard, intermediate or Highly developed subject areas https://confuciusw368usr8.wikitron.com/user